2023年John Locke競賽題目匯總！有這些變化你要知道！

Philosophy 哲學(xué)

A team of scientists wants to discover how many genders there are. How should they proceed?

一個(gè)科學(xué)家小組想要探索有多少種性別。他們應(yīng)該如何進(jìn)行?

In what sense are you the same person today that you were when you were ten?

從何種意義上來說，今天的你和十歲時(shí)的你是同一個(gè)人? 

Is tax theft?

稅收算不算一種偷竊?

Do the results of elections express the will of the people?

選舉結(jié)果是否表達(dá)了人民的意愿?

If China becomes the leading superpower, what would that mean for the people who live there? What would it mean for everyone else?

如果中國成為主要的超級大國，這對生活在中國的人們意味著什么?這對生活在其他地區(qū)的人又意味著什么?

What might account for the different levels of political corruption in your own country and your country's nearest neighbour?

是什么導(dǎo)致了你的國家和你的鄰近國政治腐敗程度的不同?

A government funds its own expenditure by taxing its population. Suppose, instead, it relied solely on money newly created by the central bank? What would be the advantages and/or disadvantages?

政府通過向國民征稅來為自己的開支提供資金。假設(shè)，它們完全依賴于央行新發(fā)行的貨幣來提供資金支持會(huì)怎樣？優(yōu)勢和/或劣勢分別是什么?

In his thought experiment, the Iowa Car Crop, David Friedman tries to show that growing wheat is, in an important sense, just another 'technology' we can use for manufacturing cars, and in some circumstances a much more efficient one.

If international trade is thus a way of using less valuable inputs to produce more valuable outputs, why would governments impose trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas, thereby forcing producers to be more wasteful and less efficient?

大衛(wèi)·弗里德曼在他的思想實(shí)驗(yàn)《愛荷華汽車作物》中試圖表明，從重要意義上講，種植小麥只是我們可以用來制造汽車的另一種“技術(shù)”，在某些情況下，這種技術(shù)的效率要高得多。

如果國際貿(mào)易是一種使用廉價(jià)投入來得到更有價(jià)值的產(chǎn)出的方式，那么政府為什么要設(shè)置關(guān)稅和配額等貿(mào)易壁壘來迫使生產(chǎn)者增加浪費(fèi)，降低效率呢?

What would happen if we banned billionaires?

如果我們禁止出現(xiàn)億萬富翁，會(huì)發(fā)生什么?

How much richer or poorer are the British today than they would have been without the effects of British colonialism? 

如果沒有英國殖民主義的影響，今天的英國人會(huì)更加富裕或貧窮多少?

Which has a bigger effect on history: the plans of the powerful or their mistakes?

哪個(gè)對歷史的影響更大:強(qiáng)權(quán)的計(jì)劃還是他們犯過的錯(cuò)誤?

Which characteristics distinguish successful movements for social change from unsuccessful ones?

哪些特征可以區(qū)分成功的社會(huì)變革運(yùn)動(dòng)和失敗的社會(huì)變革運(yùn)動(dòng)?

Can happiness be measured?

幸?？梢员缓饬繂?

In surveys conducted in the United States, significantly more than half the respondents reported that they believed themselves to be more attractive than the median person in their country. How might we account for this?

在美國進(jìn)行的調(diào)查中，超過一半的受訪者表示，他們認(rèn)為自己會(huì)超過他們國家的中位數(shù)水平。我們該如何解釋這一點(diǎn)?

Are beliefs voluntary?

信仰是自愿的嗎?

 What distinguishes a small religion from a large cult?

小的宗教和大的邪教有什么區(qū)別?

If you cannot persuade your intelligent, sympathetic friends to embrace your religious belief system, do you have enough reason to believe what you believe? 

如果你不能說服你聰明、富有同情心的朋友接受你的宗教信仰，你有足夠的理由去相信你所相信的嗎?

What was God doing before He created the cosmos?

上帝在創(chuàng)造宇宙之前在做什么?

Would justice be better served in the United States if more Supreme Court judges were women?

 如果更多的最高法院法官是女性，美國的司法會(huì)更好嗎?

Suppose that you were contemplating, in violation of the rules of this competition, submitting an essay written for you by artificial intelligence. What would be the difference between such an act and ordinary attempted theft?

假設(shè)你正在考慮違反比賽規(guī)則提交一篇由人工智能寫的文章。這種行為和普通的盜竊有區(qū)別嗎?

Are there too many laws?

現(xiàn)在的法律是不是制定的太多了?

Is safety more important than fun?

安全比樂趣更重要嗎?

 If you had $10 billion to spend on making the world better, how would you spend it?

如果你有100億美元可以用來讓世界變得更美好，你會(huì)怎么花?

 What, if anything, do your parents owe you?

你父母虧欠你什么嗎?

What is something important, about which nearly everybody is wrong?

什么事情是很重要的，但幾乎每個(gè)人都錯(cuò)了?

Why is John Locke sometimes called the father of liberalism?

為什么約翰·洛克有時(shí)被稱為自由主義之父?